Background: Swimming benefits are the physical, social and psychological, such as reduced anxiety and mental stress and increase energy and vitality. Ginkgo biloba is one of the oldest plants in Asia that applied in traditional medicine to treat a variety of diseases such as depression and anxiety. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks endurance training swimming on BDNF and NMDA levels with Ginkgo biloba extract young girls untrained.Methods: 40 healthy females aged 27-22 girls as subjects of this study were selected and randomly divided into four groups of 10 people (1- swim training with Ginkgo biloba extract, 2- swimming with no Ginkgo biloba extract 3-extract Ginkgo biloba and 4- control groups).Results: The results showed that endurance training in untrained young girls had no significant effect on levels of NMDA. However, the experimental group after endurance exercises significantly higher levels of BDNF.Conclusion: The present study was effective in improving depression with Ginkgo biloba consumption, decrease anxiety, improve memory and increase Vitality suggest that related to flavonoid and antioxidant activity of this plant with endurance training.

Background: Chronic treatment with neuroleptics leads to the development of abnormal orofacial movements described as vacuous chewing movements (VCMs) in rats. Vacous chewing movements in rodents are widely accepted as one of the animal models of tardive dyskinesia. Oxidative stress and the products of lipid peroxidation are implicated in the pathophysiology of various neurological disorders including tardive dyskinesia. On the other hand, numerous studies have shown that Ginkgo Biloba has antioxidant and neuroprotective properties. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the preventive role of Ginkgo Biloba extract on haloperidol induced orofacial dyskinesia in a rat model of tardive dyskinesia.Materials and Methods: In the present study, sixty four adult male sprauge-dawley rats (250-300 g), in eight groups, were used. Chronic haloperidol (1.5 mg/kg i.p for 21 days) treatment was done for induction of vacuous chewing movements in rats. Ginkgo Biloba with 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg were administered orally. Behavioral assessments were done by observation and counting of VCMs.Results: Chronic haloperidol treatment significantly induced vacuous chewing movements in rats (mean difference=-8.67 S.E=2.45 P=0.012). One-way ANOWA of data revealed a significant difference between treatment groups (F=5.80 df=4 p=0.002). Co-administration of Ginkgo Biloba 25mg/kg reduced these haloperidol induced movements significantly (mean difference=-8.02 S.E=2.36 P=0.016), but higher doses of Ginkgo Biloba failed to diminish VCMs.Conclusions: The findings of the study revealed that effect of Ginkgo Biloba co-administration on attenuation of haloperidol induced orofacial movements eliminates with higher doses. Further study on the doses lower than 25mg/kg is suggested for determining a biphasic doseresponse relationship. Ginkgo Biloba could prove to be a useful agent in neuroleptic-induced orofacial dyskinesia.

Cardiovascular diseases are becoming an increasing problem worldwide. Hypercholesterolemia has been implicated in causation of coronary heart disease. Oxidation of low density lipoprotein has been shown to be prevented by standardized Ginkgo biloba extract, EGb 761. Studies on the effect of Ginkgo biloba on serum lipid levels are lacking. Hence the present study was carried out to study the effect of EGb 761 on serum lipids in female wistar rats. The hypolipidemic effect was compared with a standard dose of lovastatin. The rats were divided into six groups of ten an1malseach. The first group was the normal control. The second group was given cholesterol (400 mg/kg) for 30 days. The third, fourth and fifth groups were given cholesterol and EGb 761 in the doses of 25 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg respectively. The sixth group was given lovastatin (7.2 mg/kg) in addition to cholesterol. Serum cholesterol, triglycerides and high density lipoproteins were measured on days 0, 15 and 30. Serum levels on days 15 and 30 were compared using students paired t-test (p < 0.05). There was a significant decrease in serum cholesterol in both the lovastatin and the EGb 761 treated groups. EGb 761 did not produce a significant change in serum triglyceride and high density lipoprotein levels. The animal model used had limitations and further studies are required.

Autistic Disorders, in the category of pervasive developmental disorders, are devastating neurodevelopmental disturbances mainly characterized by impairment of social interaction, communication and behavior. Complementary and alternative medicine is widely used by families of children with Autism Spectrum Disorders. Prevalence of Complementary and alternative medicine use in children with Autistic Disorders is among the highest of any population, Ginkgo biloba a herbal remedy with a long history in China has been investigated for different psychiatric conditions and has comparable use to other Complementary and alternative medicines The purpose of this review is to review the role of Ginkgo biloba in the management of autism.